The NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, in collaboration with several NIH Institutes/Centers and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), plans to issue two Program Announcements with Review (PARs) using R01 and R21 funding mechanisms in early June 2007 and with an earliest start date in July 2008. The announcements will remain active for three years with receipts in September of 2007, 2008, and 2009. The purpose of these announcements is to encourage behavioral and social science research on the causes and solutions to health disparities in the U. S. population.